First, we need to convert km/h to m/s, which gives us 27 / 3.6 = 7.5 m/s. Then we apply the first equation since we know the deformation distance, which is 75 cm = 0.75 meters. Replacing in the formula we get F avg = 0.5 · 2400 · 7.5 2 / 0.75 = 90 kN and a maximum impact force of 180 kN. ( calculation link)