Schroeder, Daniel V. (2000). An introduction to thermal physics.San Francisco, California: Addison-Wesley.p. p. 18. ISBN 0-321-27779-1. Heat is defined as any spontaneous flow of energy from one object to another, caused by a difference in temperature between the objects. CS1 maint: extra text يمكن للحرارة أن تتنقل بين الأجسام عن طريق الإشعاع أو ...